Integrated development environment

• Visual Studio Code
• Eclipse
• CodeBlocks (for C/C++)
• NetBeans

Programming languages

• Python
• Java (OpenJDK)
• C/C++
• Ruby
• JavaScript (Node.js)
• PHP

Version control and collaboration tools

• Git
• GitLab Community Edition
• Apache Subversion (SVN)

Database management systems

• MySQL
• PostgreSQL
• SQLite
• MariaDB

Web development tools

• Apache Web Server
• PHPMyAdmin (for database management)

Operating systems and virtualization

• Linux distributions (e.g., Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora)
• VirtualBox

Text editors

• Vim
• Emacs
• Atom

Data analysis and visualisation

• RStudio (for R programming)
• Jupyter Notebook
• GNU Octave (similar to MATLAB)

Networking and cybersecurity tools

• Kali Linux (penetration testing and security auditing)
• Snort (intrusion detection system)
• Metasploit (penetration testing framework)
• Cisco packet tracer

Computer aided design software

• AutoCAD
• SolidWorks

Statistical analysis tools

• SPSS
• SAS

Project management and collaboration tools

• Taiga (project management)
• Mattermost (team collaboration)

Office productivity suites

• Microsoft Office
• LibreOffice
• Apache OpenOffice

Graphics and multimedia tools

• GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)
• Inkscape (vector graphics editor)
• Blender (3D modelling and animation)

Simulation and modelling tools

• Scilab (similar to MATLAB)
• FreeCAD (parametric 3D CAD modeler)

Secure email communication

• OpenPGP Studio for Windows